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  #41  
Old 16th December 2008, 15:43
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Originally Posted by Rosa Lichtenstein View Post
BenHur:



Can you ask me without being snide?
I wasn't. However, I believe it's just a problem of semantics, which is why I asked you to explain, so things can become clear. But it's up to you...
  #42  
Old 16th December 2008, 17:05
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According to the dialectical Holy Books, processes and objects change because of their 'internal contradictions', that is, because of a 'struggle' between dialectically-connected opposites. But, because of this, these objects/processes also inevitably turn into their opposites.

But, this cannot happen with your table example, since a table is not the opposite of wood, nor do they 'struggle' in any obvious way.

And yet, even if they did 'struggle', the table would have to exist alongside the wood for this to happen. In other words, it would have to exist before it existed!

Moreover, tables would make themselves out of wood, by-passing the need for human labour.

So, dialectics cannot explain even the manufacture of tables, let alone anything else.

Alternatively, if dialectics were true, there would be no tables.

Or anything else, for that matter.

So, this is not a problem of 'semantics'. The 'theory' is fundamentally flawed.
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

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  #43  
Old 16th December 2008, 17:58
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Rosa you ask

Quote:
Who said I couldn't understand that literary waste of space inflicted in humanity by Jakubowski?
My explantion is that you wrote:

Quote:
Avoid it like the plague -- a book as impenetrable as the Amazonian jungle.
I was making the reasonable assumumption that you were using No. 3 definition below in refering to it as impenetrable as in the above quote from you.

Quote:
/ɪmˈpɛnɪtrəbəl/ Show Spelled Pronunciation [im-pen-i-truh-buhl] Show IPA Pronunciation

–adjective 1.not penetrable; that cannot be penetrated, pierced, entered, etc.2.inaccessible to ideas, influences, etc.3.incapable of being understood; inscrutable; unfathomable: an impenetrable mystery.
On that assumption you had described it as being incapable of being understood and therefore, presumamably, did not consider yourself capable of understanding it.

Quote:
But, according to you, everything is a philosophical theory.
Eh no....but I assume that is a snide reference to my point that your ideas are a philosophical theory, rather than a serious suggestion by you that I actually think 'everything' is a philosophical theory.

Quote:
The 'theory' is fundamentally flawed.
It might be if it was a theory.
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  #44  
Old 16th December 2008, 18:22
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Gil falls into the trap, yet again (what a loser!):

Quote:
My explantion is that you wrote:

Quote:
Avoid it like the plague -- a book as impenetrable as the Amazonian jungle.
I was making the reasonable assumumption that you were using No. 3 definition below in refering to it as impenetrable as in the above quote from you.
Impenetrable to the OP, not me, you wally.

Quote:
On that assumption you had described it as being incapable of being understood and therefore, presumamably, did not consider yourself capable of understanding it.
And you say I am pedantic!

I take my non-dialectical hat off to the expert!

Quote:
Eh no....but I assume that is a snide reference to my point that your ideas are a philosophical theory, rather than a serious suggestion by you that I actually think 'everything' is a philosophical theory.
And not just mine, anyone I quoted, even before you read what they had to say, was branded as spouting some theory or other -- on the assumption, therefore, that everything is a philosophical theory.

Quote:
It might be if it was a theory.
Indeed, why do you think I use 'scare quotes' whenever I refer to it?
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

Basic Introductory Essay: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/Why%20I%20Oppose%20DM.htm

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  #45  
Old 16th December 2008, 18:23
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Originally Posted by Rosa Lichtenstein View Post
According to the dialectical Holy Books, processes and objects change because of their 'internal contradictions', that is, because of a 'struggle' between dialectically-connected opposites. But, because of this, these objects/processes also inevitably turn into their opposites.

But, this cannot happen with your table example, since a table is not the opposite of wood, nor do they 'struggle' in any obvious way.
Negation of the negation applies here, doesn't it? Wood becomes table, wood is thus negated. But table is wood, which is the negation of the negation, and yet the wood we have now is not the same we had earlier, it's different in that it has utility etc. So the dialectical process of change is proved.
  #46  
Old 16th December 2008, 18:33
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BenHur:

Quote:
Negation of the negation applies here, doesn't it? Wood becomes table, wood is thus negated. But table is wood, which is the negation of the negation, and yet the wood we have now is not the same we had earlier, it's different in that it has utility etc. So the dialectical process of change is proved.
Well, the whole point of being brief is to leave out such complications. So, if you wanted the full answer, why did you ask for a very short reply?

Wood is not 'negated' by being bulit into a table, it is still wood.

In addition, do you really think there is a 'struggle' between the table and this wood?

If not, then you disagree with Hegel, Engels, Plekhanov, Lenin...

If you do, then tables should be able to manufacture themsleves, and we can save on human labour costs.

In that case, the dialectic, far from being an 'adomination' to the bourgeoisie, is a decided gift; they can sack all their workers, and watch tables 'self-develop'!

Quote:
"The identity of opposites…is the recognition…of the contradictory, mutually exclusive, opposite tendencies in all phenomena and processes of nature…. The condition for the knowledge of all processes of the world in their 'self-movement', in their spontaneous development, in their real life, is the knowledge of them as a unity of opposites. Development is the 'struggle' of opposites. The two basic (or two possible? or two historically observable?) conceptions of development (evolution) are: development as decrease and increase, as repetition, and development as a unity of opposites (the division of a unity into mutually exclusive opposites and their reciprocal relation).

"In the first conception of motion, self-movement, its driving force, its source, its motive, remains in the shade (or this source is made external -- God, subject, etc.). In the second conception the chief attention is directed precisely to knowledge of the source of 'self-movement'.

"The first conception is lifeless, pale and dry. The second is living. The second alone furnishes the key to the 'self-movement' of everything existing; it alone furnishes the key to the 'leaps,' to the 'break in continuity,' to the 'transformation into the opposite,' to the destruction of the old and the emergence of the new.

"The unity (coincidence, identity, equal action) of opposites is conditional, temporary, transitory, relative. The struggle of mutually exclusive opposites is absolute, just as development and motion are absolute." [Lenin Philosophical Notebooks (1961), pp.357-58. Bold emphases added.]
Which, perhaps, explains that old anti-dialectical joke:

Q: How many dialecticians does it take to change a lightbulb?

A: None at all; the lightbulb changes itself.
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

Basic Introductory Essay: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/Why%20I%20Oppose%20DM.htm

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  #47  
Old 17th December 2008, 07:57
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Originally Posted by Rosa Lichtenstein View Post
Gil falls into the trap, yet again (what a loser!):



Impenetrable to the OP, not me, you wally.



And you say I am pedantic!

I take my non-dialectical hat off to the expert!
I don't understand why Rosa doesn't get almost every single one of her posts edited for flaming. By now shouldn't she have been warned, double warned, triple warned and banned, if consistent rules were being applied? It seems like pretty major favoritism.

And she really drags the forum down with her behavior imo.
  #48  
Old 17th December 2008, 08:19
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JJ:

Quote:
I don't understand why Rosa doesn't get almost every single one of her posts edited for flaming. By now shouldn't she have been warned, double warned, triple warned and banned, if consistent rules were being applied? It seems like pretty major favoritism.
I get 'flamed' all the time. But, no one complains when that happens to me. BTB, for example, has been doing this for well over two years.

I always give as good as I get, often worse.

If that upsets you, too bad...
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

Basic Introductory Essay: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/Why%20I%20Oppose%20DM.htm

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  #49  
Old 17th December 2008, 08:54
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It should upset the mods, that's the point of moderation.
  #50  
Old 17th December 2008, 10:29
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JJ:

Quote:
It should upset the mods, that's the point of moderation.
What? Over calling someone a wally? They are not quite as easily phased as you seem to be.
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

Basic Introductory Essay: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/Why%20I%20Oppose%20DM.htm

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  #51  
Old 17th December 2008, 12:19
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Rosa Lichtenstein View Post
BenHur:



Well, the whole point of being brief is to leave out such complications. So, if you wanted the full answer, why did you ask for a very short reply?

Wood is not 'negated' by being bulit into a table, it is still wood.

In addition, do you really think there is a 'struggle' between the table and this wood?
This is already explained. Pay attention to this paragraph from August Thalheimer's work:

Quote:
The first distortion, the Bergsonian, or as one could say, the anarchistic distortion, may be illustrated thus: the law of dialectics demands that I negate the grain of rice. This can be done more thoroughly, it might be said. Instead of planting it in the earth, I can put it into a mortar and break it to pieces. As a consequence its negation will be so thorough that further development becomes impossible. This is the first distortion. It is apparent from this that for each thing there is a particular kind of negation which initiates a developmental process, a negation appropriate to the nature of the thing. The second or opportunistic distortion of dialectics occurs when negation is ignored. The person to whom I give the grain of rice may say that it can develop "of itself." He neither crushes it nor puts it into the around. He will let it lie on the table. And, of course, it will not develop into a plant. It will finally perish as an organism. This illustrates, incidentally, how these two opposed distortions of dialectics have the same result.
Source:http://www.marxists.org/archive/thal.../diamat/11.htm
  #52  
Old 17th December 2008, 13:03
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BenHur:

Quote:
This is already explained. Pay attention to this paragraph from August Thalheimer's work:
I don't think so. [I have read and studied this stuff for longer than most RevLefters have been alive, so this is not new to me!]

First, the germination of grain is a natural process. Wood being made into tables isn't. There is thus no natural way wood can be 'negated' to form a table.

Second, according to the dialectical Gospels, opposites in struggle cause change, but then they also turn into one another.

If that is so, plants must stuggle with seeds, and a seed must turn into the plant it is struggling with, and the plant must change into the seed it is struggling with too.

Have you ever seen plants do this?

Third, it is quite bizarre to speak of seed being 'negated'. Seeds are not items of language. Now, it makes some sort of crazy sense for Hegel to talk this way (since he imagined everything was Mind, or the development of Mind, and hence language was implicated in everything, so to speak), but not for materialists.

Plants may only be negated if they are sentences or clauses.

Unless, of course, you mean by 'negate' something different from the rest of us.

I note you also skipped past all this:

Quote:
In addition, do you really think there is a 'struggle' between the table and this wood?

If not, then you disagree with Hegel, Engels, Plekhanov, Lenin...

If you do, then tables should be able to manufacture themsleves, and we can save on human labour costs.

In that case, the dialectic, far from being an 'adomination' to the bourgeoisie, is a decided gift; they can sack all their workers, and watch tables 'self-develop'!
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

Basic Introductory Essay: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/Why%20I%20Oppose%20DM.htm

Also check out: http://www.leninology.blogspot.com/
  #53  
Old 18th December 2008, 00:19
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And you say I am pedantic!
Only judging you by the standards you apply to others.....interesting if that makes me look like a looser....cos what it makes me look a bit like is you.

Quote:
do you really think there is a 'struggle' between the table and this wood?
You obviously never tried to make a table

Quote:
Third, it is quite bizarre to speak of seed being 'negated'. Seeds are not items of language. Now, it makes some sort of crazy sense for Hegel to talk this way (since he imagined everything was Mind, or the development of Mind, and hence language was implicated in everything, so to speak), but not for materialists.
It makes perfect sense if the materialist understands the profound sense in which language is a material reality and not something separated out from material reality as you constantly presume. 'Seeds' are actually items of language ?
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"The most to be hoped for by groups who claim to belong to the Marxist succession (...) is for them to serve as a hyphen between past and future....nothing can be held sacred – everything is called into question. Only after having been put through such a crucible could socialism conceivably re-emerge as a viable doctrine and plan of action." - Van Heijenoort
  #54  
Old 18th December 2008, 01:52
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Gil:

Quote:
Only judging you by the standards you apply to others.....interesting if that makes me look like a looser....cos what it makes me look a bit like is you.
In fact, it shows that your criticism of me along these lines was ill-conceived.

Quote:
You obviously never tried to make a table
You obviously do not know what a table is, or perhaps how they are made.

Given this 'theory', the 'opposite' that the wood becomes (i.e., the finished table) has to 'struggle' with its own 'opposite' (the wood).

In that case, the table has to be finished before it is finished, otherwise it cannot 'struggle' with the wood. If so, why bother making the table in the first place? It is already there ready to 'struggle' with the wood!

Of course, human beings struggle with wood to make tables, but even then the wood does not become the human being who made the table, which it would have to do if we were to believe Lenin and the other dilaectical prophets, who tell us that objects turn into the things with which they 'struggle'.

Quote:
It makes perfect sense if the materialist understands the profound sense in which language is a material reality and not something separated out from material reality as you constantly presume. 'Seeds' are actually items of language ?
Indeed, language is a material reality, and the reality of language is that it is items of language that can be negated, not objects in the world.

And our use of negation in language has no implication built into it that things have changed, or have partaken in 'non-being' (to use the mystical gobbledygook), otherwise we should have to assume that George W Bush had changed simply because of the following;

G1: George W Bush is not a socialist.

Moreover, your argument suggests that you should also think (if you were consistent -- ha!) that because we have other signs in language that they can be said to apply to things in reality. In that case, we should expect to see imperative objects, since we have the "!" sign. Or, that there are punctuated objects because we have punctuation marks.

Finally, we can see the sort of mess this sloppy logic of yours gets you into: it encourages you mystics to think that tables make themselves, and that they are made before they are made!
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Enroll on the Dialectics Detox Program: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/index.htm

Basic Introductory Essay: http://anti-dialectics.co.uk/Why%20I%20Oppose%20DM.htm

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Old 18th December 2008, 14:14
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Originally Posted by Rosa Lichtenstein View Post

In that case, the table has to be finished before it is finished, otherwise it cannot 'struggle' with the wood. If so, why bother making the table in the first place? It is already there ready to 'struggle' with the wood!
Going by your logic, dictionary=Shakespeare. Hopefully, you see where that can lead. Raw material and finished goods are the opposites here, and the struggle produces an entity that's different from the original, yet retains its characteristics. This is what change or evolution is all about, and this is more pronounced in sentient beings. An example can only take you so far. Somehow, I get the feeling you're arguing for the sake of arguing, without any seriousness, and trivializing the whole thing.
  #56  
Old 18th December 2008, 18:45
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BenHur:

Quote:
Going by your logic, dictionary=Shakespeare.
I am sorry, you lost me here.

Recall, this is not my 'logic'. I am merely working out the consequences of what the Dialectical Gospels tell us.

Quote:
Hopefully, you see where that can lead. Raw material and finished goods are the opposites here, and the struggle produces an entity that's different from the original, yet retains its characteristics.
I agree, but unfortunately, the Dialectical Prophets tell us the following:

1) Things can only change because of a struggle between 'opposites'.

2) Things change into their opposites.

Thus, if a table is the opposite of a pile of wood (which it must be if the one changes into the other), then there must be a struggle between that table and that pile of wood.

In that case, the table must already exist in order for it to 'struggle' with that pile of wood.

Hence the table must exist before it exists.

Have you ever seen a struggle between the table that results at the end of this process and the pile of wood from which it emerges, both existing at the same time, or they could not change (if the Dialectical Holy Men are to be believed)?

Now, your explanation of change is perfectly OK, but it does not agree with what Hegel, Engels, Plekhanov, and Lenin (among others) tell us. [See below.]

Or, to put it another way, if a human being struggles with a pile of wood in order to make tables then, and if things turn into that with which they struggle (as the Dialectical Magi tell us), then piles of wood should turn into human beings, and vice versa.

Even your mate Thalheimer says so too:

Quote:
So far we have discussed the most general and most fundamental law of dialectics, namely, the law of the permeation of opposites, or the law of polar unity. We shall now take up the second main proposition of dialectics, the law of the negation of the negation, or the law of development through opposites. This is the most general law of the process of thought. I will first state the law itself and support it with examples, and then I will show on what it is based and how it is related to the first law of the permeation of opposites. There is already a presentiment of this law in the oldest Chinese philosophy, in the of Transformations, as well as in Lao-tse and his disciples - and likewise in the oldest Greek philosophy, especially in Heraclitus. Not until Hegel, however, was this law developed.

This law applies to all motion and changes of things, to real things as well as to their images in our minds, i.e., concepts. It states first of all that things and concepts move, change, and develop; all things are processes. All fixity of individual things is only relative, limited; their motion, change, or development is absolute, unlimited. For the world as a whole absolute motion and absolute rest coincide. The proof of this part of the proposition, namely, that all things are in flux, we have already given in our discussion of Heraclitus.

The law of the negation of the negation has a special sense beyond the mere proposition that all things are processes and change. It also states something about the most general form of these changes, motions, or developments. It states, in the first place, that all motion, development, or change, takes place through opposites or contradictions, or through the negation of a thing.

Conceptually the actual movement of things appears as a negation. In other words, negation is the most general way in which motion or change of things is represented in the mind. This is the first stage of this process. The negation of a thing from which the change proceeds, however, is in turn subject to the law of the transformation of things into their opposites.
Bold added.

Thalheimer, pp.170-171. Quoted frmm here:

http://www.marxists.org/archive/thal.../diamat/11.htm

Now, your explanation is based on common sense and ordinary language, that is why it works, and that is why we do not need dialectics at all to explain change.

In fact, if dialectics were true, some pretty odd things would happen, and we'd have to warn carpenters never to try to make a table, on pain of them all turning into a pile of wood!

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This is what change or evolution is all about, and this is more pronounced in sentient beings. An example can only take you so far. Somehow, I get the feeling you're arguing for the sake of arguing, without any seriousness, and trivializing the whole thing
Not so; I am merely showing you how ridiculous dialectics is, when you work out its consequences.

Now, where is my reading of the Dialectical Gospels wrong?

Here is what they say, only now more fully (bold added):

Quote:
"If, for instance, the Sophists claimed to be teachers, Socrates by a series of questions forced the Sophist Protagoras to confess that all learning is only recollection. In his more strictly scientific dialogues, Plato employs the dialectical method to show the finitude of all hard and fast terms of understanding. Thus in the Parmenides he deduces the many from the one. In this grand style did Plato treat Dialectic. In modern times it was, more than any other, Kant who resuscitated the name of Dialectic, and restored it to its post of honour. He did it, as we have seen, by working out the Antinomies of the reason. The problem of these Antinomies is no mere subjective piece of work oscillating between one set of grounds and another; it really serves to show that every abstract proposition of understanding, taken precisely as it is given, naturally veers round to its opposite.

"However reluctant Understanding may be to admit the action of Dialectic, we must not suppose that the recognition of its existence is peculiarly confined to the philosopher. It would be truer to say that Dialectic gives expression to a law which is felt in all other grades of consciousness, and in general experience. Everything that surrounds us may be viewed as an instance of Dialectic. We are aware that everything finite, instead of being stable and ultimate, is rather changeable and transient; and this is exactly what we mean by that Dialectic of the finite, by which the finite, as implicitly other than what it is, is forced beyond its own immediate or natural being to turn suddenly into its opposite." [Hegel (1975), pp.117-18.]

"Everything is opposite. Neither in heaven nor in earth, neither in the world of mind nor nature, is there anywhere an abstract 'either-or' as the understanding maintains. Whatever exists is concrete, with difference and opposition in itself. The finitude of things with then lie in the want of correspondence between their immediate being and what they essentially are. Thus, in inorganic nature, the acid is implicitly at the same time the base: in other words its only being consists in its relation to its other. Hence the acid persists quietly in the contrast: it is always in effort to realize what it potentially is. Contradiction is the very moving principle of the world." [Hegel (1975), p.174.]

"The law of the interpenetration of opposites.... [M]utual penetration of polar opposites and transformation into each other when carried to extremes...." [Engels (1954), pp.17, 62.]

"Dialectics, so-called objective dialectics, prevails throughout nature, and so-called subjective dialectics, dialectical thought, is only the reflection of the motion through opposites which asserts itself everywhere in nature, and which by the continual conflict of the opposites and. their final passage into one another, or into higher forms, determines the life of nature. Attraction and repulsion. Polarity begins with magnetism, it is exhibited in one and the same body; in the case of electricity it distributes itself over two or more bodies which become oppositely charged. All chemical processes reduce themselves -- to processes of chemical attraction and repulsion. Finally, in organic life the formation of the cell nucleus is likewise to be regarded as a polarisation of the living protein material, and from the simple cell -- onwards the theory of evolution demonstrates how each advance up to the most complicated plant on the one side, and up to man on the other, is effected by the continual conflict between heredity and adaptation. In this connection it becomes evident how little applicable to such forms of evolution are categories like 'positive' and 'negative.' One can conceive of heredity as the positive, conservative side, adaptation as the negative side that continually destroys what has been inherited, but one can just as well take adaptation as the creative, active, positive activity, and heredity as the resisting, passive, negative activity." [Ibid., p.211.]

"For a stage in the outlook on nature where all differences become merged in intermediate steps, and all opposites pass into one another through intermediate links, the old metaphysical method of thought no longer suffices. Dialectics, which likewise knows no hard and fast lines, no unconditional, universally valid 'either-or' and which bridges the fixed metaphysical differences, and besides 'either-or' recognises also in the right place 'both this-and that' and reconciles the opposites, is the sole method of thought appropriate in the highest degree to this stage. Of course, for everyday use, for the small change of science, the metaphysical categories retain their validity." [Ibid., p.212-13.]

"Further, we find upon closer investigation that the two poles of an antithesis positive and negative, e.g., are as inseparable as they are opposed and that despite all their opposition, they mutually interpenetrate. And we find, in like manner, that cause and effect are conceptions which only hold good in their application to individual cases; but as soon as we consider the individual cases in their general connection with the universe as a whole, they run into each other, and they become confounded when we contemplate that universal action and reaction in which causes and effects are eternally changing places, so that what is effect here and now will be cause there and then, and vice versa." [Engels (1976), p.27.]

"Already in Rousseau, therefore, we find not only a line of thought which corresponds exactly to the one developed in Marx's Capital, but also, in details, a whole series of the same dialectical turns of speech as Marx used: processes which in their nature are antagonistic, contain a contradiction; transformation of one extreme into its opposite; and finally, as the kernel of the whole thing, the negation of the negation. [Ibid., p.179.]

"And so every phenomenon, by the action of those same forces which condition its existence, sooner or later, but inevitably, is transformed into its own opposite…." [Plekhanov (1956), p.77.]

"[Among the elements of dialectics are the following:] [i]nternally contradictory tendencies…in [a thing]…as the sum and unity of opposites…. [This involves] not only the unity of opposites, but the transitions of every determination, quality, feature, side, property into every other [into its opposite?]….

"In brief, dialectics can be defined as the doctrine of the unity of opposites. This embodies the essence of dialectics….

"The splitting of the whole and the cognition of its contradictory parts…is the essence (one of the 'essentials', one of the principal, if not the principal, characteristic features) of dialectics….

"The identity of opposites…is the recognition…of the contradictory, mutually exclusive, opposite tendencies in all phenomena and processes of nature…. The condition for the knowledge of all processes of the world in their 'self-movement', in their spontaneous development, in their real life, is the knowledge of them as a unity of opposites. Development is the 'struggle' of opposites…. [This] alone furnishes the key to the self-movement of everything existing….

"The unity…of opposites is conditional, temporary, transitory, relative. The struggle of mutually exclusive opposites is absolute, just as development and motion are absolute…." [Lenin (1961), pp.221-22, 357-58.]

"Hegel brilliantly divined the dialectics of things (phenomena, the world, nature) in the dialectics of concepts…. This aphorism should be expressed more popularly, without the word dialectics: approximately as follows: In the alternation, reciprocal dependence of all notions, in the identity of their opposites, in the transitions of one notion into another, in the eternal change, movement of notions, Hegel brilliantly divined precisely this relation of things to nature…. [W]hat constitutes dialectics?…. [M]utual dependence of notions all without exception…. Every notion occurs in a certain relation, in a certain connection with all the others." [Lenin (1961), pp.196-97.]

"'This harmony is precisely absolute Becoming change, -- not becoming other, now this and then another. The essential thing is that each different thing [tone], each particular, is different from another, not abstractly so from any other, but from its other. Each particular only is, insofar as its other is implicitly contained in its Notion...' Quite right and important: the 'other' as its other, development into its opposite." [Ibid., p.260. Lenin is here commenting on Hegel (1995), pp.278-98; this particular quotation coming from p.285. The translation in the edition I have consulted reads differently from the one Lenin used; Hegel is referring to "tones" here, not "things", as the reference to "harmony" indicates.]

"Dialectics is the teaching which shows how Opposites can be and how they happen to be (how they become) identical,—under what conditions they are identical, becoming transformed into one another, -- why the human mind should grasp these opposites not as dead, rigid, but as living, conditional, mobile, becoming transformed into one another." [Ibid., p.109.]

"Development is the 'struggle' of opposites." [Lenin, Collected Works, Volume XIII, p.301.]

"Dialectics comes from the Greek dialego, to discourse, to debate. In ancient times dialectics was the art of arriving at the truth by disclosing the contradictions in the argument of an opponent and overcoming these contradictions. There were philosophers in ancient times who believed that the disclosure of contradictions in thought and the clash of opposite opinions was the best method of arriving at the truth. This dialectical method of thought, later extended to the phenomena of nature, developed into the dialectical method of apprehending nature, which regards the phenomena of nature as being in constant movement and undergoing constant change, and the development of nature as the result of the development of the contradictions in nature, as the result of the interaction of opposed forces in nature....

"Contrary to metaphysics, dialectics holds that internal contradictions are inherent in all things and phenomena of nature, for they all have their negative and positive sides, a past and a future, something dying away and something developing; and that the struggle between these opposites, the struggle between the old and the new, between that which is dying away and that which is being born, between that which is disappearing and that which is developing, constitutes the internal content of the process of development, the internal content of the transformation of quantitative changes into qualitative changes." [Stalin (1976b), pp.836, 840.]

"Why is it that '...the human mind should take these opposites not as dead, rigid, but as living, conditional, mobile, transforming themselves into one another'? Because that is just how things are in objective reality. The fact is that the unity or identity of opposites in objective things is not dead or rigid, but is living, conditional, mobile, temporary and relative; in given conditions, every contradictory aspect transforms itself into its opposite....

"In speaking of the identity of opposites in given conditions, what we are referring to is real and concrete opposites and the real and concrete transformations of opposites into one another....

"All processes have a beginning and an end, all processes transform themselves into their opposites. The constancy of all processes is relative, but the mutability manifested in the transformation of one process into another is absolute." [Mao (1961b), pp.340-42.]

"The law of contradiction in things, that is, the law of the unity of opposites, is the basic law of materialist dialectics....

"As opposed to the metaphysical world outlook, the world outlook of materialist dialectics holds that in order to understand the development of a thing we should study it internally and in its relations with other things; in other words, the development of things should be seen as their internal and necessary self-movement, while each thing in its movement is interrelated with and interacts on the things around it. The fundamental cause of the development of a thing is not external but internal; it lies in the contradictoriness within the thing. There is internal contradiction in every single thing, hence its motion and development....

"The universality or absoluteness of contradiction has a twofold meaning. One is that contradiction exists in the process of development of all things, and the other is that in the process of development of each thing a movement of opposites exists from beginning to end....[Ibid, pp.311-18.]

"The second dialectical law, that of the 'unity, interpenetration or identity of opposites'…asserts the essentially contradictory character of reality -– at the same time asserts that these 'opposites' which are everywhere to be found do not remain in stark, metaphysical opposition, but also exist in unity. This law was known to the early Greeks. It was classically expressed by Hegel over a hundred years ago….

"[F]rom the standpoint of the developing universe as a whole, what is vital is…motion and change which follows from the conflict of the opposite.” [Guest (1963), pp.31, 32.]

"The negative electrical pole…cannot exist without the simultaneous presence of the positive electrical pole…. This 'unity of opposites' is therefore found in the core of all material things and events." [Conze (1944), pp.35-36.]

"Second, and just as unconditionally valid, that all things are at the same time absolutely different and absolutely or unqualifiedly opposed. The law may also be referred to as the law of the polar unity of opposites. This law applies to every single thing, every phenomenon, and to the world as a whole. Viewing thought and its method alone, it can be put this way: The human mind is capable of infinite condensation of things into unities, even the sharpest contradictions and opposites, and, on the other hand, it is capable of infinite differentiation and analysis of things into opposites. The human mind can establish this unlimited unity and unlimited differentiation because this unlimited unity and differentiation is present in reality." [Thalheimer (1936), p.161.]

"This dialectical activity is universal. There is no escaping from its unremitting and relentless embrace. 'Dialectics gives expression to a law which is felt in all grades of consciousness and in general experience. Everything that surrounds us may be viewed as an instance of dialectic. We are aware that everything finite, instead of being inflexible and ultimate, is rather changeable and transient; and this is exactly what we mean by the dialectic of the finite, by which the finite, as implicitly other than it is, is forced to surrender its own immediate or natural being, and to turn suddenly into its opposite.' (Encyclopedia, p.120)." [Novack (1971), 94-95; quoting Hegel (1975), p.118, although in a different translation from the one used here.]

"Contradiction is an essential feature of all being. It lies at the heart of matter itself. It is the source of all motion, change, life and development. The dialectical law which expresses this idea is the law of the unity and interpenetration of opposites….

"In dialectics, sooner or later, things change into their opposite. In the words of the Bible, 'the first shall be last and the last shall be first.' We have seen this many times, not least in the history of great revolutions. Formerly backward and inert layers can catch up with a bang. Consciousness develops in sudden leaps. This can be seen in any strike. And in any strike we can see the elements of a revolution in an undeveloped, embryonic form. In such situations, the presence of a conscious and audacious minority can play a role quite similar to that of a catalyst in a chemical reaction. In certain instances, even a single individual can play an absolutely decisive role....

"This universal phenomenon of the unity of opposites is, in reality the motor-force of all motion and development in nature…. Movement which itself involves a contradiction, is only possible as a result of the conflicting tendencies and inner tensions which lie at the heart of all forms of matter....

"Contradictions are found at all levels of nature, and woe betide the logic that denies it. Not only can an electron be in two or more places at the same time, but it can move simultaneously in different directions. We are sadly left with no alternative but to agree with Hegel: they are and are not. Things change into their opposite. Negatively-charged electrons become transformed into positively-charged positrons. An electron that unites with a proton is not destroyed, as one might expect, but produces a new particle, a neutron, with a neutral charge.

"This is an extension of the law of the unity and interpenetration of opposites. It is a law which permeates the whole of nature, from the smallest phenomena to the largest...." [Woods and Grant (1995), pp.43-47, 63-71.]

"This struggle is not external and accidental…. The struggle is internal and necessary, for it arises and follows from the nature of the process as a whole. The opposite tendencies are not independent the one of the other, but are inseparably connected as parts or aspects of a single whole. And they operate and come into conflict on the basis of the contradiction inherent in the process as a whole….

"Movement and change result from causes inherent in things and processes, from internal contradictions….

"Contradiction is a universal feature of all processes….

"The importance of the [developmental] conception of the negation of the negation does not lie in its supposedly expressing the necessary pattern of all development. All development takes place through the working out of contradictions -– that is a necessary universal law…." [Cornforth (1976), pp.14-15, 46-48, 53, 65-66, 72, 77, 82, 86, 90, 95, 117; quoting Hegel (1975), pp.172 and 160, respectively.]

"Opposites in a thing are not only mutually exclusive, polar, repelling, each other; they also attract and interpenetrate each other. They begin and cease to exist together.... These dual aspects of opposites -- conflict and unity -- are like scissor blades in cutting, jaws in mastication, and two legs in walking. Where there is only one, the process as such is impossible: 'all polar opposites are in general determined by the mutual action of two opposite poles on one another, the separation and opposition of these poles exists only within their unity and interconnection, and, conversely, their interconnection exists only in their separation and their unity only in their opposition.' in fact, 'where one no sooner tries to hold on to one side alone then it is transformed unnoticed into the other...'" [Gollobin (1986), p.115; quoting Engels.]

"The unity of opposites and contradiction.... The scientific world-view does not seek causes of the motion of the universe beyond its boundaries. It finds them in the universe itself, in its contradictions. The scientific approach to an object of research involves skill in perceiving a dynamic essence, a combination in one and the same object of mutually incompatible elements, which negate each other and yet at the same time belong to each other.

"It is even more important to remember this point when we are talking about connections between phenomena that are in the process of development. In the whole world there is no developing object in which one cannot find opposite sides, elements or tendencies: stability and change, old and new, and so on. The dialectical principle of contradiction reflects a dualistic relationship within the whole: the unity of opposites and their struggle. Opposites may come into conflict only to the extent that they form a whole in which one element is as necessary as another. This necessity for opposing elements is what constitutes the life of the whole. Moreover, the unity of opposites, expressing the stability of an object, is relative and transient, while the struggle of opposites is absolute, expressing the infinity of the process of development. This is because contradiction is not only a relationship between opposite tendencies in an object or between opposite objects, but also the relationship of the object to itself, that is to say, its constant self-negation. The fabric of all life is woven out of two kinds of thread, positive and negative, new and old, progressive and reactionary. They are constantly in conflict, fighting each other....

"The opposite sides, elements and tendencies of a whole whose interaction forms a contradiction are not given in some eternally ready-made form. At the initial stage, while existing only as a possibility, contradiction appears as a unity containing an inessential difference. The next stage is an essential difference within this unity. Though possessing a common basis, certain essential properties or tendencies in the object do not correspond to each other. The essential difference produces opposites, which in negating each other grow into a contradiction. The extreme case of contradiction is an acute conflict. Opposites do not stand around in dismal inactivity; they are not something static, like two wrestlers in a photograph. They interact and are more like a live wrestling match. Every development produces contradictions, resolves them and at the same time gives birth to new ones. Life is an eternal overcoming of obstacles. Everything is interwoven in a network of contradictions." [Spirkin (1983), pp.143-46.]

"'The contradiction, however, is the source of all movement and life; only in so far as it contains a contradiction can anything have movement, power, and effect.' (Hegel). 'In brief', states Lenin, 'dialectics can be defined as the doctrine of the unity of opposites. This embodies the essence of dialectics…'

"The world in which we live is a unity of contradictions or a unity of opposites: cold-heat, light-darkness, Capital-Labour, birth-death, riches-poverty, positive-negative, boom-slump, thinking-being, finite-infinite, repulsion-attraction, left-right, above- below, evolution-revolution, chance-necessity, sale-purchase, and so on.

"The fact that two poles of a contradictory antithesis can manage to coexist as a whole is regarded in popular wisdom as a paradox. The paradox is a recognition that two contradictory, or opposite, considerations may both be true. This is a reflection in thought of a unity of opposites in the material world.

"Motion, space and time are nothing else but the mode of existence of matter. Motion, as we have explained is a contradiction, -- being in one place and another at the same time. It is a unity of opposites. 'Movement means to be in this place and not to be in it; this is the continuity of space and time -- and it is this which first makes motion possible.' (Hegel)

"To understand something, its essence, it is necessary to seek out these internal contradictions. Under certain circumstances, the universal is the individual, and the individual is the universal. That things turn into their opposites, -- cause can become effect and effect can become cause -- is because they are merely links in the never-ending chain in the development of matter.

"Lenin explains this self-movement in a note when he says, 'Dialectics is the teaching which shows how opposites can be and how they become identical -- under what conditions they are identical, becoming transformed into one another -- why the human mind should grasp these opposites not as dead, rigid, but living, conditional, mobile, becoming transformed into one another.' [Rob Sewell.]
References and links can be found here:

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/rosa.l/...Explain-Change

It would not be difficult to double or even treble the length of this list of quotations (as anyone who has access to as many books and articles on dialectics as I have will attest), all saying the same thing.

Ok, if you think I am misinterpreting these characters, where have I gone wrong?
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Last edited by Rosa Lichtenstein; 19th December 2008 at 00:25.
  #57  
Old 18th December 2008, 23:46
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the reality of language is that it is items of language that can be negated, not objects in the world.
Well thats your mystical platonic dualism, that this distinction is more important to you than it is in reality. You are confused because you think this sequence of argument is correct:

Quote:
your argument suggests that you should also think (if you were consistent -- ha!) that because we have other signs in language that they can be said to apply to things in reality.
This would be a picture view of language, which you know is false. But that seduces you into the false view that

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our use of negation in language has no implication built into it that things have changed
This is wrong when applied to actual language use in practice, rather than to trivial invented examples.This is your dualism

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You obviously do not know what a table is, or perhaps how they are made.
Yea Yea, that must be right, of course I dont know what a table is....of course, great hypothesis !

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if you think I am misinterpreting these characters, where have I gone wrong?
You have interpreted key terms the same way I interpreted 'impenetrable'....which is the same way you earlier interpreted 'false' when I spoke of a false argument. Pedantry is the key to your approch.

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we'd have to warn carpenters never to try to make a table, on pain of them all turning into a pile of wood!
BTW carpenters do know that tables ultimately do turn into piles of wood...but different wood than it started as....they dont worry cos if they struggle well with the original form of the wood the revised form lasts a long time before turning into the pile of wood. Thats the dialectic of joinery.
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Old 19th December 2008, 00:36
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Gil:

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Well that's your mystical platonic dualism, that this distinction is more important to you than it is in reality. You are confused because you think this sequence of argument is correct:
A fine taunt coming from a Hermetic mystic.

But, even you mystics have to use language to describe the world, and hence even you have to use it correctly.

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This would be a picture view of language, which you know is false. But that seduces you into the false view that
On the contrary, I do not 'know' the 'picture theory' is false. In fact, if it is a philosophical theory, it is nonsensical.

But you mystics hold to this 'false theory', for you see negation in language picturing certain processes in reality.

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This is wrong when applied to actual language use in practice, rather than to trivial invented examples. This is your dualism
Well, much as we would like to accept your word as gospel here, we are going to need to see a few examples of this 'language' you speak of in actual use. Perhaps you can tell us how it might feature on a picket line, or on an anti-Nazi demo?

[But we both know you really mean 'in use in Hegelian philosophy' and/or in the alleged 'materialist' version, which, as you might be able to guess, begs the question.]

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that must be right, of course I don't know what a table is....of course, great hypothesis !
Pick a fight with the OP, for it is his example, not mine.

Quote:
You have interpreted key terms the same way I interpreted 'impenetrable'....which is the same way you earlier interpreted 'false' when I spoke of a false argument. Pedantry is the key to your approach.
And sloppy thought is the bane of yours.

Anyway, I don't think so. Lets' walk you through it again (only this time, do try to concentrate):

According to the Dialectical Prophets (quotations above):

1) Things can only change because of a struggle between 'opposites'.

2) Things change into their opposites.

Thus, if a table is the opposite of a pile of wood (which it must be if the one changes into the other), then there must be a struggle between that table and that pile of wood (according to the wise old dialectical sages quoted above).

In that case, the table must already exist in order to 'struggle' with that pile of wood.

Hence the table must exist before it exists.

Have you ever seen a struggle between the table that results at the end of this process and the pile of wood from which it emerged --, both existing at the same time, or they could not change one another (if the Dialectical Holy Men are to be believed)?

Or, to put it another way, if a human being struggles with a pile of wood in order to make tables then, and if things turn into that with which they struggle (as the Dialectical Magi tell us), then piles of wood should turn into human beings, and vice versa.

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BTW carpenters do know that tables ultimately do turn into piles of wood...but different wood than it started as....they don't worry cos if they struggle well with the original form of the wood the revised form lasts a long time before turning into the pile of wood. That's the dialectic of joinery.
Yes, maybe so, but do they also believe that tables do this because of a 'struggle' between that table and its opposite, a pile of dust? They should if they were daft enough to study the Dialectical Gospels, and then believe all they read there.

Indeed, dialectical carpenters might well believe this whacko 'theory' (and perhaps this is also part of the reason for the long-term failure of Dialectical Marxism? After all, why should workers trust Marxists who think tables struggle with piles of dust?) -- but those still in possession of their sanity mercifully do not.
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Old 19th December 2008, 01:44
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Originally Posted by benhur View Post
Negation of the negation applies here, doesn't it?
How on Earth is such a convoluted description of how wood becomes a table remotely useful?

It is much simpler and more truthful to state that "tables are often constructed out of wood".

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Wood becomes table, wood is thus negated.
What do you mean by "negated"? It's still wood, whether it's in the form of a tree or a table.

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But table is wood, which is the negation of the negation, and yet the wood we have now is not the same we had earlier, it's different in that it has utility etc. So the dialectical process of change is proved.
No, all you've proved so far is that it's possible to slap arbitrary labels on vaguely-defined processes.
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Old 19th December 2008, 01:58
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I actually agree with NoXion here. It doesn't seem useful at all.

By the way, where do the trees come into all this discussion of wood and tables?
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"Modern economics – the system of free trade based on Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations – reveals itself to be that same hypocrisy, inconsistency and immorality which now confront free humanity in every sphere." - Fred Engels, Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy, 1843

"There are decades when nothing happens; and there are weeks when decades happen." - Lenin


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